International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences, 2016, 5, 2, 55-61.
DOI: 10.5530/ijpcs.5.2.4
Published: June 2016
Type: Review Article
Authors: Monali Pradeep Vakharia, Vijay Ramakrishna Zad, Nishikant Nandlal Mankar, Pratik Pradeep Wadivkar, and Kalpana Unind Shah
Author(s) affiliations:
Monali Pradeep Vakharia1*, Vijay Ramakrishna Zad2, Nishikant Nandlal Mankar3, Pratik Pradeep Wadivkar1, Kalpana Unind Shah4
1Junior Resident, Department of Pharmacology, Dr. V. M. Govt. Medical College, Solapur, Maharashtra, INDIA.
2Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Dr. V. M. Govt. Medical College, Solapur, Maharashtra, INDIA.
3Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Dr. V. M. Govt. Medical College, Solapur, Maharashtra, INDIA.
4Professor and Head, Department of Pharmacology, Dr. V. M. Govt. Medical College, Solapur, Maharashtra, INDIA.
Abstract
Diabetes is fast gaining the status of a potential epidemic in India with more than 62 million diabetic individuals currently diagnosed with the disease. There are at least 10 different drug classes for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) but metformin is recommended as the initial medication for treatment of T2DM. Inter-individual variability in response and few clinical or biomarker predictors of response reduces its optimal use. Personalized medicine promises a path for individually optimized treatment, but realizing this promise will require a more comprehensive characterization of disease and drug response. As per American Medical Association, pharmacogenomics is the study of genetic variations that influence individual response to drugs. Knowing whether a patient carries any of these genetic variations can help prescribers individualize drug therapy, decrease the chance for adverse drug events, and increase the effectiveness of drugs. There are a variety of genes controlling metformin transport in the body, for example, SLC22A1, SLC22A2, SLC22A3, SLC22A4, etc. The purpose of this review article is to explain in brief pharmacogenomics of metformin and its application and practical hurdles in its translation.
Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Metformin, Personalised medicine, Pharmacogenomics, SLC2A4