International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences, 2021, 10, 4, 129-137.
DOI: 10.5530/ijpcs.2021.10.18
Published: December 2021
Type: Research Article
Authors: Yousef Ahmed Alomi, Ghudair Tashan Alanazi, Amani Abdullah Bahdailah, Hussa Mubarak Muwainea, and Razan Alshehri
Author(s) affiliations:
Yousef Ahmed Alomi*, BSc. Pharm, MSc. Clin Pharm, BCPS, BCNSP, DiBA, CDE, Critical Care Clinical Pharmacists, TPN Clinical Pharmacist, Freelancer Business Planner, Content Editor, and Data Analyst, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Ghudair Tashan Alanazi, BSc. Pharm, Pharm.D, MSc. Clin Pharm, Diploma of Epid. Critical care clinical pharmacist, Internal medicine clinical pharmacist MOH, Hafrbatin, Saudi Arabia.
Amani Abdullah Bahdailah, BSc. Pharm, Pharm.D, MSc. Clin Pharm Pharmaceutical Care Services, King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Hussa Mubarak Muwainea, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Razan Alshehri, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Tail, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract
Objectives: In this study, we aimed to assess pharmacists’ knowledge about pharmacy infection control in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: This crosssectional survey study was conducted to assess pharmacists’ knowledge about pharmacy infection control in Saudi Arabia. We used a self-reported electronic survey questionnaire and distributed it to pharmacists, including dentists from interns to consultants and pharmacy specialists in Saudi Arabia. The survey collected demographic information of the responders and their knowledge regarding some of the selected pharmacy infection control elements in dental care. We also collected information regarding the resources they use to obtain knowledge of pharmacy infection control. We used 5-point Likert response scale system with close-ended questions to obtain their responses. The data were collected through the Survey Monkey system and analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS), Jeffery’s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), and Microsoft Excel (version 16) software. Results: A total of 435 pharmacists responded to the questionnaire, with one-quarter of them coming from the central region (97 (22.35%)), and northern region (92 (21.2%)), with non-statistically significant differences between regions (p=0.637). Of the total responders, 212 (48.96%) were female, and 221 (51.04%) were male responders, with non-statistically significant differences between them (p=0.665). Most of the responders were in the age group of 24–30 years (151 (34.87%)) and 36–40 years (101 (23.33%)), with statistically significant differences between them (p=0.000). The total average score of pharmacy infection control assessment for basic knowledge was 3.34, with high scores obtained for the elements knowledge of hand hygiene (3.86) and personal protective equipment (3.83). In comparison, the lowest scores were obtained for the elements knowledge of the accidental sharp devices immunization system (2.80), and the infection control pharmacist gets more salary than regular pharmacist (2.91). The total average score of knowledge of frequently used disinfection and antiseptics products at your healthcare institution (3.60) and the high scores were obtained for the elements knowledge of peroxygens (hydrogen peroxide) (4.63) and alcohol (isopropyl alcohol 70%) (4.63). In comparison, the lowest scores were obtained for the element knowledge of phenolics (ortho-benzyl-parachlorophenol) (2.76) and the iodophors (povidone-iodine ointment 10%) (2.99). The score for the single-test reliability analysis of McDonald’s ω was 0.927, Cronbach’s αwas 0.924, Gutmann’s λ2 was 0.933, Gutmann’s λ6 was 0.973, and Greater Lower Bound was 0.989. Conclusion: Pharmacists’ knowledge about pharmacy infection control was inadequate in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Therefore, targeting to provide the necessary education and training for undergraduate and postgraduate students to improve patient infection control within pharmaceutical care in Saudi Arabia.
Keywords: Infection Control, Knowledge, Pharmacist, Pharmacy, Saudi Arabia