International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences, 2022, 11, 3, 112-121.
DOI: 10.5530/ijpcs.2022.11.18
Published: December 2022
Type: Research Article
Authors: Yousef Ahmed Alomi, Wafa Hussain Alshehre, Rola AL Kenani, Samah Mukhlef Alzaid, and
Khawlah Ibrahim Alshahrani
Author(s) affiliations:
Yousef Ahmed Alomi*, BSc. Pharm, MSc. Clin Pharm, BCPS, BCNSP, DiBA, CDE, Critical care clinical pharmacists TPN clinical pharmacist Freelancer Business Planner, Content Editor, and Data Analyst, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Wafa Hussain Alshehre, Pharm.D, BCSP, Drug information clinical pharmacy specialist, Pharmacy Department, Aliman Hospital, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Rola AL Kenani, BSc. Pharm, SSC-PhP, Nephrology Pharmacotherapy Specialist, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Samah Mukhlef Alzaid, Bsc.Pharm, Clin. Pharm, Clinical Pharmacy Services, Gurayat General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Gurayat, Saudi Arabia
Khawlah Ibrahim Alshahrani, Pharm D, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract
Objectives: To demonstrate the Pharmacist’s perception of CPR pharmacy services in Saudi Arabia. Methods: The study analyzed a cross-sectional survey that discussed the perception of Pharmacists about Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) pharmacy service in Saudi Arabia. The survey consisted of respondents’ demographic information about pharmacists, The Perception of pharmacists about a CPR pharmacy service, and barriers, which factors may affecting implementing a CPR pharmacy service. The 5-point Likert response scale system was used with closed-ended questions. The survey was validated through the revision of expert reviewers and pilot testing. Besides, various tests of reliability, McDonald’s ω, Cronbach alpha, Gutmann’s λ2, and Gutmann’s λ6 were carried out with the study. The data analysis of the perception of Pharmacists about Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) pharmacy service is done through the survey monkey system. Besides, the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS), Jeffery’s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), and Microsoft Excel sheet version 16 were implemented. Results: A total number of 439 pharmacists responded to the questionnaire. Of them, more than one-third responded from the Central region (122 (31.69%)), one Quarter responded from the Eastern part (91 (23.64%)), and one-fifth responded from the southern region (79 (20.52%)). Males responded more than females (203 (53.14%)) versus 179 (46.86%)), with statistically non-significant differences between all levels (p=0.219). Most of the responders were in the age group of 36-45 years (152 (39.48%)) and 46-55 years (134 (34.81%)), with statistically significant differences between all age groups (p=0.000). The majority of pharmacists had training courses in Basic Life Support (BLS) (293 ((77.11%)), Advance Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) (289 ((76.05%)), Pediatric Cardiac Life Support (PCLS) (287((75.53%)), and Neonatal Cardiac Life Support (NCLS) (203 ((53.42%)), with statistically significant differences between all levels (p=0.000). The average score of perception of pharmacists about the CPR pharmacy service was (4.32). The element “Pharmacist participation in CPR code led to positive changes” obtained the highest score (4.50). The pharmacists believe that The hospital promotes itself as an organization that pharmacist responds to CPR codes and other emergency-related issues (4.50). The average score for the element “Factors affected to prevent you to shares in the CPR codes” was (3.95). The highest score for the component “Competency/ Clinical knowledge” was (3.38). The score for the element “Shortage of pharmacy staff” was (4.41), and level of clinical knowledge makes it difficult to decide whether or not the Pharmacist participates in the CPR team “was (4.39). Followed the element “Uncertain association between the CPR medications and occurrences of Medication Errors (MEs) during CPR code” was (4.34), and the element “Fear of legal liability” was (4.34). Conclusion: The pharmacist’s perception of CPR code services is appropriate. Eliminating obstacles to CPR services implementation during undergraduate and postgraduate studies is required. The pharmacist’s role needs to clarify, and periodic education and training are highly critical in pharmacy practice in Saudi Arabia.
Keywords: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Perception